![]() ![]() Icteric animals will present with signs referable to their underlying condition this will either be severe anemia in the case of hemolytic disease, liver disease in the case of hepatic involvement, or anorexia in instances of horses fasting.The interior of the aorta is normally chalky white and is the best location to determine whether icterus exists in post mortem examinations.During post mortem examination, the carcass will be discolored generally.Yellow discoloration to the mucous membranes and sclera.Treatment: icterus per se does not require treatment depends on underlying cause.Diagnosis: complete blood count and clinical chemistry.Signs: yellow discoloration to the mucous membranes and sclera discoloration to carcass. ![]() Clinical icterus is usually present when serum bilirubin concentrations increase to above 4 mg/dl.Alternately, decreased removal of bilirubin due to liver insufficiency causes blood concentrations to increase.Increased production of bilirubin occurs in instances of hemolytic anemia that overwhelms the livers capacity to remove it from the circulation.Cause: this can occur due to two main mechanisms:.Under normal circumstances, little conjugated bilirubin escapes into the general blood circulation.Following fasting in the equine species, the normal uptake by the liver of bilirubin originating from hemoglobin and myoglobin (also referred to as indirect reacting or unconjugated bilirubin) is reduced and as a consequence its concentration in blood increases resulting in (moderate) yellow coloration of sclera.Microflora in the digestive tract reduce conjugated bilirubin to urobilinogen, which is found concentrated in the alkaline urine of the equine species.Within the hepatocyte the bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronide and this conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and is excreted into the bile canaliculi.Icterus is the yellow discoloration that occurs in the tissues of animals with increased blood levels of bilirubin. ![]()
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